Social Thought and Social Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Thought and Social Change - Essay Example 6). For Enlightened masterminds, the alluring heading and last goal they focus on is where everybody lives in â€Å"a entirely upbeat existence,† liberated from strict control, highborn separation and monarchical abuse (Bury 1920, p. 6). This thought is intermittently scrutinized by present day scholars as an innocent confidence in man’s ability for accomplishing flawlessness (Israel 2001, p. 3). Nonetheless, Israel (2001, pp. 3-4) contends that â€Å"Enlightenment progress inhaled a striking familiarity with the incredible trouble of spreading toleration, checking strict obsession, and in any case improving human association, precision, and the general condition of health.† Concurrently, despite the fact that well known Enlightened masterminds have contradicting thoughts regarding how to approach accomplishing progress, it can't be denied that they share similar standards and ethics. For example, while Voltaire didn't have confidence in the thought of correspond ence and moved to instruct and illuminate blue-bloods into bettering the world, Rousseau loathed them and campaigned for balance through upset. In any case, both disdained the Church and supreme government and tried to change business as usual (Brians 2000). It is certain, at that point, that the Enlightenmentâ€though ready with hardship and clashing ideasâ€moved towards a similar goal; and that is, the accomplishment of progress through positive cultural changes. The Enlightenment represents civilisation’s genuine progress ahead towards an attractive bearing. It is encouraging exemplified. The two supporters and pundits of the Enlightenment and in any event, restricting Enlightened masterminds show that its end-all and be-everything is accomplishing progress through reasonâ€progress that plans to make a superior society when strict oppression and supreme government and nobility administered the world. II. Phases of History and Revolution Karl Marx sees mankind's his tory as a progression of stages wherein man battles to manage and control the monetary advantages of the assets of the world so as to accomplish force and position (Weiner 2008, p. 42; Cohen 2004, p. 23). â€Å"The development of human force is the focal procedure of history. The requirement for that development clarifies why there is history† (p. 23). Consequently, Marx assesses history as the procedure of man’s battle for authority over the creating arrangement of creation (Shaw 1978, p. 152). Marx (1904, p. 28) expresses the primary phase of history as crude socialism where merchandise and property are shared and the methods for creation incorporate chasing and assembling; the subsequent stage is slave society where a class society dependent on private possession is set up (pp. 285-286); third is feudalism (p. 216); fourth is private enterprise (p. 19); fifth is communism (p. 10); and the last stage is unadulterated socialism shown through a tactless society and the cancelation of private possession (Marx and Engels 1858 qtd. in Schumaker 2010, p. 46). This is a background marked by class battle, as â€Å"new types of society emerge suitable to the new types of creation when the new classes win power† (McCarthy 1995). It very well may be seen here how each recorded stage proceeds onward to the following just with the pulverization of a financial framework through the uprising of the lower classes. For example, feudalism developed into private enterprise after the landed blue-bloods was tested by skilled workers and vendors (Bowen 2011).

Free Essays on Slavery Paper

During the time of bondage, slave proprietors concocted numerous techniques for controlling their slave. One of the best strategies they utilized was the strategy for the slaves being totally needy of the proprietors. They controlled each part of the slave’s life, and the slaves relied upon their lords. For the most essential, yet significant things. Without their proprietors where might they be able to get food, sanctuary, and attire? Slaves abhorred that they had no opportunity, however they understood that they were especially needing these essential things their proprietors give. This technique for control ends up being extremely full of feeling, similar to the maxim goes â€Å" Don’t betray the one who provides everything you† if the slaves bit the handoff their lords they would have no food, no spot to rest, or no garments on their backs. At the point when somebody who you are totally needy controls you on you need to obey what you are advised to do, and th at’s what slaves came to figure it out. The past three strategies were all guidelines that were made to attempt to control slaves. They were three techniques that proprietors used to cause captives to do what ever they needed them to do. Sometimes that’s all that the proprietors needed to do to control their slaves. Be that as it may, if the slaves didn't comply with the standards, or their psyches weren’t controlled slaves proprietors had numerous techniques for utilizing discipline to control their slaves. The best disciplines the experts would utilize were to whip or beat their slaves until they did what they needed them to do. In the event that slaves wouldn't work or the experts believed that they weren’t filling in as hard as they could the proprietors would whip them. At the point when slaves attempted to out of control they would be taken to the whipping post where different slaves could watch them be beaten. This consolidates the psyche control strategy with the order technique. On the off cha nce that different slaves see what happens when they don’t comply, at that point they are less inclined to defy the norms. This technique for discipline slaves can be catorigized as intimidati... Free Essays on Slavery Paper Free Essays on Slavery Paper During the time of subjugation, slave proprietors concocted numerous strategies for controlling their slave. One of the best techniques they utilized was the strategy for the slaves being totally reliant of the proprietors. They controlled each part of the slave’s life, and the slaves relied upon their lords. For the most fundamental, however significant things. Without their proprietors where might they be able to get food, sanctuary, and attire? Slaves abhorred that they had no opportunity, yet they understood that they were particularly needing these fundamental things their proprietors give. This technique for control ends up being full of feeling, similar to the maxim goes â€Å" Don’t betray the one who provides everything you† if the slaves bit the handoff their lords they would have no food, no spot to rest, or no garments on their backs. At the point when somebody who you are totally needy controls you on you need to obey what you are advised to do, and that’s what slaves came to figure it out. The past three techniques were all standards that were made to attempt to control slaves. They were three techniques that proprietors used to cause captives to do what ever they needed them to do. Now and again that’s all that the proprietors needed to do to control their slaves. Notwithstanding, if the slaves didn't comply with the standards, or their brains weren’t controlled slaves proprietors had numerous techniques for utilizing discipline to control their slaves. The best disciplines the experts would utilize were to whip or beat their slaves until they did what they needed them to do. In the event that slaves wouldn't work or the experts imagined that they weren’t functioning as hard as they could the proprietors would whip them. At the point when slaves attempted to out of control they would be taken to the whipping post where different slaves could watch them be beaten. This joins the brain control strategy with the order technique. On the off chance tha t different slaves see what happens when they don’t comply, at that point they are less inclined to defy the norms. This technique for discipline slaves can be catorigized as intimidati...

The Common Causes Of Bacterial Diarrhea Biology Essay Example For Students

The Common Causes Of Bacterial Diarrhea Biology Essay In 2004 about 2.5 billion occasions of loose bowels happened around the world, which brought about 1.5 million perishes among kids younger than five. More prominent than half of these were in Africa and South Asia ( WHO, 2009 ) Children are progressively powerless to the intricacies of looseness of the bowels on the grounds that a littler whole of unsteady misfortune drives toA parching, contrasted with adults.A Loose bowels is a typical side effect of GI diseases brought about by an expansive extent of pathogens, including bacteriums, infections and Protozoa. Be that as it may, only a sprinkling of creatures are liable for most intense examples of youth looseness of the bowels. ( WHO, 1999 ) The basic reasons for bacterial loose bowels are Salmonellae, A Shigellae, CampylobacterA and a few strains ofA Escherichia coli ( Viswanathan, 2009 ) . The way of transmittal of pathogen doing looseness of the bowels is to a great extent by the fecal-oral way. Orchestrating to a WHO study, looseness of the bowels is all the more predominant in the immature universe due, in enormous bit, to the insufficiency of safe guzzling H2O, sanitation and cleanliness, each piece great as more unfortunate generally speaking wellbeing and nutritionary position. Fitting to the most recent accessible figures, an expected 2.5 billion individuals need improved sanitation establishments, and around one billion individuals do non hold dish to safe guzzling H2O. These insanitary situations permit looseness of the bowels making pathogens disperse all the more simple. ( UNICEF/WHO, 2009 ) Looseness of the bowels might be joined by squeezing, stomach harming, infection, a squeezing request to use the restroom, or loss of digestive system control. A few diseases that cause the runs can other than do a febrility and icinesss or bleeding stools. ( NDDIC, 2011 ) The plans suggested by WHO in bar of looseness of the bowels incorporates improved quality and proportion of H2O gracefully, exposure of manus flushing with cleanser, safe stockpiling of family H2O, people group wide sanitation exposure ( UNICEF/WHO, 2009 ) . Bettering sanitation establishments has been related with an expected normal decline in loose bowels occurrence of 36 percent across explored surveies ( Jamison et al, 2008 ) An ongoing reappraisal of informations from a figure of surveies demonstrated that a 42 % - 47 % decline in looseness of the bowels can happen when manus washing with cleanser and H2O is brought into a network. Along these lines, manus washing exposure and interventions are assessed to hold the intensity to thwart one million expires from diarrheal illnesses ( Curtis V A ; Cairncross S, 2003 ) Outline1 2.2 Salmonella species2 2.2.1 History3 2.3 Categorization of Salmonella.4 2.4 Epidemiology of malady brought about by Salmonella species5 2.4.1 Hazard of typhoid febrility among age groups.6 2.4.2 Occupational hazard7 2.4.3 Reservoir infection8 2.4.4 Environmental and Socio Economic Factors.9 2.5 Transmission of Salmonella Infection.10 2.6 Pathogenicity of Salmonella infection11 2.7 Resistance of Salmonella contamination to antibiotics.12 2.8 Antibiotic helplessness testing.13 2.9 Escherichia coli14 2.9.1 History of Escherichia coli15 2.10 Classification and assignment of Escherichia coli16 2.11 Epidemiology of illness brought about by Escherichia coli17 2.12 Transmission of Escherichia coli18 A19 2.13 Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli20 2.14 Antibiotic defenselessness demonstrating 2.2 Salmonella species Salmonella are Gram-negative, non-spore arranging bacillar dominantly motile enteric microorganisms. The races Salmonella enterica is facultative anaerobe with a size 0.7-1.5 by 2.0-5.0 Aâ µm in size ( Bronze et al. , 2005 ) .A Salmonella have flagellae and are motile ( Jawetz et al. , 2007 ) . In a clinical research lab, they are regularly segregated on MacConkey agar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate ( XLD ) agar or Desoxycholate-citrate agar ( DCA ) agar. Salmonella typically ages glucose combined with the capacity of to deliver H sulphite when immunized into ternary sugar Fe ( TSI ) agar. ( Giannella et al. 1996 ) 2.2.1 History SalmonellaA was named after Daniel Elmer Salmon ( 1850-1914 ) , an American veterinary diagnostician, who describedA Salmonella entericaA ( formerlyA S. choleraesuis ) . Be that as it may, it was his associate and auxiliary Theobald Smith who principal found the microscopic organisms in 1885, fromA swines, in a test for the reason for pig cholera. Dr. Salmon was the leader of theA USDAA inquire about arrangement, and in this way the being was named after him by Smith. ( FDA/CFSAN, 2008 ) 2.3 Categorization of Salmonella. Salmonella entericaA is one of two Salmonella animal categories ( enterica and bongori ) and an individual from the Enterobacteriaceae family ( Su, A ; Chiu, 2007 ) .A Salmonella entericaA species is partitioned into 6 races entericaA ( I ) , A salamaeA ( II ) , An arizonaeA ( IIIa ) , A diarizonaeA ( IIIb ) , houtenaeA ( IV ) andA indicaA ( VI ) . The enteral ( I ) races are typically found in warm-blooded energize creatures, while for races II, IIIa, IIIb, IV and VI, are found in cruel enliven creatures ( Murray et al. , 2007 ) . Salmonella entericaA has 2610 diverse serotypes. The most great known serotypes are Typhi, Paratyphi, Enteriditis, Typhimurium and CholeraesuisA ( Su, A ; Chiu, 2007 ) . The serotypes are described by three surface antigens: the flagellar H antigen, the oligosaccharide O antigen and the polyose Vi antigen ( found in Typhi and Paratyphi serotypes ) ( Bronze et al. , 2005 ) .A SalmonellaA is a notable class on account of its capacity to do sickness. Notwithstanding, simply a couple of the in excess of 2,200 kinds serotypes ofA SalmonellaA cause contaminations in universes, with the heft of occurrences followed to only five to ten normal signifiers, mostlyA S. typhimuriumA andA S. enteritidisA ( Breslow, 2002 ) . 2.4 Epidemiology of illness brought about by Salmonella species It is assessed that only 3 % ofA SalmonellaA contaminations are research facility affirmed and answered to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) . This is likely because of conflicting diagnosing and depicting procedures in the diagnosing of the disease. Nonetheless, an expected 1.4 million individuals in the United States are tainted with nontyphoidA SalmonellaA ( CDC, 2011 ) An expected 500 individuals are contaminated with typhoidA Salmonella yearly in the United States. Most occasions of archived typhoid malady in the United States are identified with remote travel to creating states, for example, India ( 30 % ) , Pakistan ( 13 % ) , Mexico ( 12 % ) , Bangladesh ( 8 % ) , Philippines ( 8 % ) , and Haiti ( 5 % ) . ( Linam et al, 2007 ) Overall estimations of nontyphoidA SalmonellaA scope from 200 million to 1.3 billion, with an expected expire cost of 3 million every twelvemonth. ( Coburn et al. , 2007 ) The serovars answerable for enteric fever or enteral febrility, A typhiA andA paratyphi, that cause foundational sickness lead to an expected 21.7 examples and 217,000 expires around the world, of which paratyphoid febrility accounts for 5.4 million occasions ( Harish at al. , 2011 ) . Fitting to Singh, the remarkable epidemiological risk attributes of enteric fever febrility are age gathering, business, financial components, natural elements and store contamination. ( Singh, 2001 ) 2.4.1 Hazard of typhoid febrility among age gatherings. The most elevated rate paces of salmonella contamination happen in kids more youthful than 5 mature ages, exceptionally those under one 1 twelvemonth, and people more established than 70 mature ages ( Gomez and Cleary 1998 ) . In Thailand, 80 % of occasions delegated salmonella the runs happens in kids under 2 mature ages old ( Sirinavin. , et al 1988 ) . Salmonella contamination is not kidding and dangerous in youthful infants, mature age and immunocompromised patients, and the human passing rates are higher in these gatherings. ( Sirinavin et al. , 1998 ) A review in 172 children with extra-intestinal salmonella contamination in Thailand uncovered that the general case-casualty rate was 9.9 % , with17 % in immunocompromised patients and 3 % in babies ( Sirinavin. , et al 1998 ) . 2.4.2 Occupational peril Incessant bearers of Salmonella contamination especially supplement creature coaches are extremely of import in the transmittal ; curiously in topographic focuses with low ecological sanitation. ( Wilson et al, 1975 ) A review led in Accra by Mensah et al. , had a pervasiveness pace of 3.2 % of Salmonella disease among supplement Sellerss ( Mensah et al. , 2002 ) . Another review done in Kumasi by Feglo et Al had a traveler vehicle pace of 2.3 % among 258 supplement dealers examined. ( Feglo et al. , 2004 ) Overseeing of unrecorded human advancements consolidating Salmonella species may work as essential danger through coincidental parenteral inoculation and utilization of pathogens. ( Richmond, A ; McKinney, 1999 ) A Jimi Hedndrix Are You Experienced Essay2.9.1 History of Escherichia coli Theodor Escherich, a German child specialist, preeminent found this species in the fecal issues of solid people in 1885 and called it Bacterium coli collective because of the reality it is found in the colon and early orders of Prokaryotes set these in a sprinkling of genera dependent on their structure and motility. Following an adjustment of Bacteria in 1895, Migula renamed it as Bacillus coli ( Migula et al. , 1895 ) . Later it was renamed in the newly made class Escherichia, named after its unique creator ( Castellani et al. , 1919 ) . The sort has a place in a gathering of bacteriums casually known as coliforms , and is an individual from the Enterobacteriaceae family ( the enteric microorganisms ) of the Gammaproteobacteria. E. coli is one of the commonest reasons for looseness of the bowels in creating states. 2.10 Classification and assignment of Escherichia coli E. coliA comprises of a different gathering of bacteriums. PathogenicA E.A coliA strains are sorted into pathotypes. Six pathotypes are related with looseness of the bowels and mutually are alluded to as diarrheagenicA E. coli. Shiga poison producingA E. coliA ( STEC ) - STEC may other than be alluded to as Verocytotoxin-delivering E. coliA ( VTEC ) or enterohemorrhagic

Expository Essay Samples - Improve Your Skills and Knowledge

Expository Essay Samples - Improve Your Skills and KnowledgeExpository essay samples provide you with the most excellent opportunities to perfect your craft, while showcasing your individuality. Furthermore, these sample essays will prove to be a fantastic method for you to gain more insight into the writing style of some of the most renowned English teachers in the world.Expository essay samples are certainly the best method for getting an objective view on writing styles from the most famous English teachers and writing instructors in the country. So many people have turned to expository essay samples to hone their writing skills. After all, it is not every day that one can get the opportunity to work with the most esteemed teachers and instructors in the world.Expository essay samples are designed in such a way that they not only help you improve your grammar, spelling, and proper punctuation, but they also provide you with all the tips that you need to create an excellent and wel l-written article. Some sample essays available online will provide you with even better techniques to perfect your writing skills. This is certainly a very convenient method, considering that it will require a little effort on your part.The expository essay samples available online will definitely prove to be an excellent means for you to get an objective view on writing styles from some of the most eminent and highly experienced English teachers and instructors. These essay samples will prove to be a fantastic method for you to gain more insight into the writing style of some of the most renowned English teachers in the world. After all, it is not every day that one can get the opportunity to work with the most prestigious teachers and instructors in the world.Writing samples as well as tutorials are available online. It has become one of the most preferred ways for people to improve their writing skills. You can also obtain a lot of information on how to improve your own writing skill by taking advantage of the help of these tutorials and writing samples available online.For one thing, expository essay samples will provide you with the benefit of finding out about good teachers, who are considered to be very effective in helping others improve their writing skills. Other great features of these samples include that they will help you acquire insight into the style of the most renowned teachers in the country. You will be amazed at how an excellently written article can help you learn more about the specific requirements of writing and article writing.The expository essay samples that are available online also showcase how other writers have been able to improve their own writing skills. Most people take writing courses to hone their skills and learn all about writing techniques and rules. However, these resources will assist you to acquire insights into the writing style of an eminent writer.With the right introduction of expository essay samples, it is lik ely that your writing skills will improve. But you should remember that these writing samples will not just help you develop your skills, but also teach you some important concepts. These essays will allow you to improve your skills, so it is worthwhile to obtain these writing samples.

GABA Supplements for Social Anxiety

GABA Supplements for Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print How Can GABA Be Used for Social Anxiety? GABA Supplements May Help Anxiety SymptomsBut Evidence is Limited By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on January 31, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children caiaimage/Getty Images Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid in the body that acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABA limits nerve transmission, which inhibits (prevents) nervous activity. Without the right levels of GABA in your body, nerve cells are activated too often, making mental illnesses worse such as social anxiety disorder (SAD), depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Low GABA activity has been shown to cause more severe symptoms, while proper levels of GABA may help calm symptoms and make them more manageable for you in your everyday life.?? GABA and Social Anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than 40 million Americans each year.?? Unlike normal anxiety triggered by a major event or another stressor, social anxiety is long-lasting and often grows worse without treatment. In addition, if GABA is not working correctly in your body, your social anxiety may be made even worse. Social Anxiety Disorder: Diagnosis and Self Help Research on GABA GABA has been thoroughly researched in both humans and animals. However, most research has looked at the mechanism of GABA and its role in anxiety disorders, while few studies have examined the benefits of GABA as a supplement. At the same time, a 2009 review study that examined various supplements  including  GABA, theanine, and tryptophan, found that these supplements  appeared to boost  GABA  levels.?? The research review concluded that both animal and human research showed support for GABA supplements in managing anxiety.?? What to Know Before You Try GABA   It has not been confirmed that GABA as a supplement can cross the blood-brain barrier.?? This means that it is possible that taking GABA in supplement form would have no effect on your anxiety. However, there is anecdotal evidence (stories from people) that they have noticed an effect.?? Still, make sure you talk to your doctor before taking a new supplement. In addition, supplements such as L-theanine do cross the blood-brain barrier and are known to affect GABA, so one of these other supplements might be a better choice. Before taking a GABA supplement, its important to talk to your doctor to see if this supplement is a good choice for you. Some supplements can interfere with your treatment and harm your health, particularly if you are taking other medications. If your doctor feels GABA supplements may help you, he or she can help you determine the appropriate dosage.  The correct dose for each person will depend on a number of factors such as your weight and activity level. It may take some time and trial-and-error to find what works best for you. Side Effects of GABA Supplements To date, there is insufficient evidence to determine the side effects of GABA supplements. You should not drive or operate machinery if you are taking GABA supplements. You may experience a tingling or jittery feeling after taking GABA tablets and they should not be used if you are pregnant or may become pregnant, are breastfeeding, or have kidney or liver diseases. GABA supplements should not be taken by children.   In addition, it is important to remember that supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and, therefore, you cannot be sure of the safety or components of any supplement that you purchase. Supplements Used to Treat Social Anxiety A Word From Verywell If you are living with untreated anxiety, the best first step is to approach your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. However, if you have mild anxiety or are looking for a natural alternative to traditional medication, a GABA promoting supplement may be right for you. Be sure to investigate the supplement thoroughly before making your decision and inform your doctor of any supplements that you ultimately choose to try for yourself. How Long Does Withdrawal From Phenibut Last?

Example Project Management Essay - Free Essay Example

Project Management Plan Set-up of a New Restaurant There are four main phases of project management: defining the project, designing the project process, delivering the project and developing the process. This Project Management Plan is concerned primarily with the first two steps: 1. Defining the project: the project objective is broken down into a series of manageable steps called tasks 2.Designing the project process: this work is performed by the Project Manager and is presented in the Gantt Chart and Network Diagram where the tasks are displayed in more detail. The workers (or stakeholders) will actually deliver the project. The final step of developing the project management process is a continual reappraisal of the way in which tasks are planned for and implemented; this is an ongoing process that begins once the first task is under way. Assumptions Certain choices had to be made concerning the parameters to which this project subject. These are stated below. The general working times are as follows: Weekdays from 8am 12pm and 1pm 5pm Calculations are based on an 8 hour day and 40 hour week The only exception to this is the first day of the project, Saturday 1 October 2005 Each worker (resource) will only work up to a maximum of 8 hours per day. Or alternatively 8 hours per day is 100% of each workers allocated work units. The activity durations are presumed to be correct, although extra flexibility has been built into the plan to mitigate any time problems (see Risk Management Plan) The Resource Costs are known and have been calculated in the Project Costings table below, however, the Fixed Costs (purchase of the building, kitchen equipment, dining room furniture etc.) are not known and so have been estimated. Any changes to these fixed costs will affect the total project cost. Project Objectives The overall aim of this project is to create a fully operational restaurant as part of George Wrights business that will be prepared to receive guests for a Grand Opening day. NB: A glossary of terms is included in this report to help explain any unfamiliar terms. Tasks In order to achieve the project objectives the following tasks must be achieved. The tasks have been grouped into the following summary tasks: Building Work, Interior Design, New Staff, Food, Preparation for Grand Opening. The table also shows for each task the resources (or stakeholders, represented by their initials) allocated to it, the task duration and the scheduled start and finish dates. Action Plan The Critical Path Method (CPM)is a way of creating a logical sequence of the work tasks and activities that are described above. The Gantt Chart below neatly presents the tasks necessary to complete the project showing how the tasks are linked to and flow from each other. Constraints There are no constraints associated with each individual task, which means that there is no date set by which a task must be completed. The only constraint or deadline is the Grand Opening day, scheduled to occur on 2 December 2005. Gantt Chart 1 Key Black Bar: Groups of tasks Blue Bar: Individual Tasks Black Diamond: Milestone Red Bar: Critical Task Network Diagram This diagram is very useful in that it shows the dependencies between tasks by use of arrows, for example, the task Test Menu Items is dependent upon the Create Menu and Install Kitchen Equipment tasks having been completed satisfactorily. Project Costs Table 2: Resource Costs Table 3: Project Costs Total Cost = 218,805 Section 2 The critical path is shown in red. The project has a new end date of6 December 2005. Although the project is starting two weeks after the start date of the pathway shown in the Gantt Chart in Section 1, the earliest possible Grand Opening day is not delayed by two weeks but a mere four days. This is because the project is now more tightly scheduled with no room for error (whereas the previous plan had anticipated delay time built in to its schedule). The consequences of the building alterations taking 5 days longer to complete are twofold: 1) Change of Completion Date The completion date would be setback to the 9 December 2005. 2) Increased Costs The increased costs would be due to the extra hours of pay that would be given to PJ Construction. This is calculated by the cost per hour multiplied by the number of extra days multiplied by the number of hours work in each day. This would amount to: 18 x 5 x 8 = 720 There would also be an increase in the overhead costs, due to heating and lighting of the building whilst the building work was in progress. Section 3. Risk Management Plan The PRINCE 2 Method tells us that tone of the fundamental principles of risk management is that risks should be considered and modifications made to a particular course of action in order to remove or lessen the impact of those risks. There are three areas to risk management: 1) Risk Identification 2) Risk Analysis 3) Response to Risk Risk Identification The identification of the risks to this project is presented in the table below which states for each risk the likelihood that it will occur and the range of possible outcomes. Table 4: Risk Register Risk Likelihood of Occurrence Possible Outcomes Building alterations take longer than expected High As no other work can proceed until alterations are completed this will cause significant delays Completing the market research takes longer than anticipated and / or does not cover sufficient ground to inform later decisions Medium Could delay or affect quality of many decisions and delay associated tasks Order of kitchen equipment is delayed Medium (although hard to define as it is dependent on an external source) Installation of the equipment will be delayed then affect testing of the menu items and training of new staff One or more new staff not available on training days Medium Training sessions re scheduled to allow all new recruits to receive training Food items chosen for the menu are not of an acceptable standard Medium Create Menus task must be revisited to revise the menus in order that the food is suitable Risk Analysis The risks shown above have the following factors in common: they have long or uncertain durations and / or external dependencies. For example, the building alteration work has the longest duration of any task in the project and is therefore seems the most likely to overrun. The ordering of kitchen equipment being delayed is an example of a task that has external dependency: no one involved in the project can have any direct influence on how quickly the equipment is delivered. As well as the kitchen equipment, various other items will be ordered from organisations outside the scope of the projects resources, namely the dining furniture, tableware and flowers for the table displays. Risk Mitigation The Risk Mitigation Plan can be used to prevent or alleviate the risks identified above; its aim is to reduce uncertainty and to make the team as self sufficient as possible in order to overcome any negative external factors. The tasks have been distributed amongst the stakeholders in such as way as to ensure no one is overburdened with tasks at any one time and is therefore more able to perform to the best of their abilities. The Grand Opening day of 2 December has been deliberately set just over a week after the final tasks are due to be carried out. This is to help ensure that any previous delays do not impose upon the all-important Grand Opening. However, if when the time comes to contact the press and design the invitations (where the date of the opening day will be declared) the project is on schedule, the Grand Opening day may be brought forward if desired. Encourage the team that change is likely due to likely changing external demands and the knock-on effect of the subsequent changing task schedule. The advantage of this is that long-term learning can come from recognising and engaging with this process. It has been assumed that no one will work at the weekends, except for the very first day. If delays occur however, the weekends can be used to carry out more work although this would have two effects: the cost implication of overtime pay; and that each Stakeholder will be under greater pressure leading to the increased likelihood of errors. Working 8 hour days only at weekends may seem a very conservative estimate of time allocation however this is a deliberate choice to allow leeway for if delays occur. Tasks of longer duration should be closely monitored to try and foresee problems before they occur. By looking into the short-term future the probability of successful completion can be ascertained more easily and preventative steps taken. Check lists are a useful way of ensuring nothing important is forgotten. Order ing of kitchen equipment has been set back as early as possible to allow for a possible delay with supply of the equipment.

Argumentative Essay On Cyberbullying - 1002 Words

Typically, the person that is doing the cyberbullying is generally a victim of bullying themselves. How is cyberbullying done? Normally, the use of electronic devices to send messages that tend to emotional hurt someone feelings. Social media can lead to many negative outcomes when communicating to others. For example, if a teenage boy responds on a girl’s photo stating she is â€Å"ugly† is considered online bullying. One popular social media site is Facebook that over millions of people use for communicating. Facebook can be a positive source to communicate with family and friends that you may not see often. Also, it can be a very negative source that a lot of people use to criticize one another. Therefore, cyberbullying occurs nationwide†¦show more content†¦If a child or adolescent feels bullied in any way talk to a parent or reliable friend. Express what is going through can make an enormous difference to the way you feel. Therefore, Anja Schultze-Krumbho lz and others discuss the hurtful pain that cyberbullying has caused throughout the years in the book Feeling Cybervictims Pain-The Effect of Empathy Training on Cyberbullying â€Å". The authors illustrate â€Å"Cyberbullying has been linked to media-specific risk factors and correlates such as risky self-disclosure, sharing of passwords, and deviant online behavior such as visiting chatrooms with violent, pornographic, or extremist content† (Schultze-Krumbholz (142). Unfortunately, people can use your private information to bully or even use your information. For example, if you don’t have your Facebook private someone can copy and paste your pictures and make a fake Facebook saying crude things. If your child is harassed with anxiety issues, there are some coping approaches that can be effective if your child’s uncertainties. For instance, some individuals find that sketching or writing down their fears helps. Not only does this preparation help them release the stress and anxiety, but it also redirects their mind from unpleasant issues. Younger people develop severe sadness when receiving negative comments from others. Sadness can lead to depression is a common mentalShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Issues Of Young People Using Internet And Communication Technologies1680 Words   |  7 Pagesmobile media has been widely used. The consequences of them on young people are powerful, however it has been an argumentative issue throughout years as the impacts contain both positive and negative sides. Based on the data from American life Project, there is an increasing rate of young people using smartphones and online social networking site such as Facebook, Twitter. This essay focuses on the controversial issues of young people using internet and communication technologies, whether this should

The Killer Angels By Michael Shaara - 852 Words

The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara was not just a fiction novel, it was a story of a man who actually saw the battlefield of Gettysburg and learned about the battle and its importance. When he returned from the battle sight he decided to write a novel based on his experience there. Instead of creating fictional characters he used the names and experiences he had directly with the main characters of the novel. Not only did Shaara study and review letters, documents and journal enteries of the men for the interpretation, he made it more realistic and personal by the portrayal of his characters. In the paper we will address four of those main characters with their background and how they were relevant to the war. Shaara, gave us a look at each of their inner thoughts and emotions. Some background on the setting of the book, the story takes place on the forefront of one of the bloodiest battles in American History during the civil war is, the Battle of Gettysburg. This battle took plac e for 3 Days, in the Southern parts of Pennsylvania and the border of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The battle of Gettysburg produced an upwards do fifty thousand casualties, with some of the men never to be found. Gettysburg was the turning point of the war because the Confederate army that invaded the Union lost a huge amount of their men that they could no longer invade the union. In the end the confederate army received their biggest blow when President Abraham Lincoln signed the emancipationShow MoreRelatedThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1634 Words   |  7 PagesPulitzer Prize-winning author Michael Shaara, the author of The Killer Angels, was born on June 23, 1928 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was an author of science fiction, sports fiction, and historical fiction. Although writing was his passion, Shaara was very athletically successful in high school, winning more awards than any other student in the history of the school for sports such as basketball, track and baseball . He acquired a skill in boxing, and of the 18 matches Shaara fought as a young man, heRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1290 Words   |  6 Pages The Killer Angels Essay â€Å"There is no honorable way to kill, no gentle way to destroy. There is nothing good in war. Except its ending.† Stated by Abraham Lincoln, this quote embodies the essence of war, its tragic character and unfortunate occasional necessity. Accordingly, the outcome of war and its battles is often determined by the attitudes of the leaders of the opposing sides, including their causes for the willingness to fight and to be fought. Such was the case with the Battle of GettysburgRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe book The Killer Angels was published in 1975 by the Ballatine Booksand was written by Michael Shaara. The Killer Angels is a historic novel about the time of the American Civil War, more specifically The Battle of Gettysburg. Shaara wrote this historical masterpiece with the sole purpose of letting the reader know exactly how the war was for the men actually putting their lives on the line to get this great country of America to the stature it is today. In order to accomplish his goal of creatingRead MoreThe Killer Angel By Michael Shaara1248 Words   |  5 Pages The Killer Angel is a book elaborating on the history of the American civil war authored by Michael Shaara. The book has gained popularity among American citizens as it covers one of the deadliest battles in American history that took place at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, hence the title of the battle of Gettysburg (Shaara 5). The crash involved two major groups, the Confederacy, and the Union. The Confederacy constituted of seven secessionist states from the South who advocated forRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1947 Words   |  8 Pagesthe dueling North and South together to the small town of Gettysburg and on the threshold of splitting the Union. Gettysburg was as close as the United States got to Armageddon and The Killer Angels gives this full day-to-day account of the battle that shaped America’s future. Michael Shaara author of â€Å"The Killer Angels,† tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg through the eyes of generals Robert E. Lee, Joshua Chamberlain, James Longstreet, and John Buford, and the other men involved in the actionRead MoreKiller Angels By Michael Shaara850 Words   |  4 Pages In the Pulitzer Prize winning civil war novel Killer Angels, Michael Shaara covers five days of the historic battle between the Northern and Southern United States at Gettysburg. Both the North and the South fought for freedom, although they did not have equivalent definitions of freedom. The North and the South were unwavering in their beliefs and their hope for a better United States, but what the two butted heads the most on was slavery. The South was a primarily agrarian region which reliedRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1117 Words   |  5 Pages Michael Shaara’s 1974 historical novel, The Killer Angels, covers the story of the four days of the Battle of Gettysburg that also features maps for visualization. The format of the story is well organized. It begins with a Foreword, which describes in great detail the armies and soldiers involved in the battle. It follows up with four sections and within each section there are chapters that are written in chronological order, covering the events between Monday, June 29, 1863 and Friday, July 3Read MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara, the story is told from the perspective of the men that fought in the war of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania on July 1863. We are able to see both sides of the combatants, their struggles they faced, friendships acquired, losses, personal stories and their views. In history we only learn the superficial information of how it occurred in the battle and the outcome of it, but we do not know how it happened and how much effort it took to fight in thatRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Killer Angels Novel written by Michael Shaara describes the Gettysburg battle from the perspective of Robert E. Lee, James Longstreet, various soldiers from both sides, and other men who fought in the battle. This author makes the reader go back in time and actually makes the reader depict the circumstances, and situations that soldiers and generals faced. This Novel makes the reader know that both sides were eager to win, and bring this bloodshed to an end. This amazing Novel shows how neighborRead MoreThe Killer Angels By Michael Shaara1206 Words   |  5 PagesShawn Gacy American Lit. Mrs. Moyer September 11, 2015 Summer Reading The book I chose to read over the summer was the book The Killer Angels, by Michael Shaara. The Killer Angels tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 1, 1863, the Confederate army, and the Union army, fought the largest battle of the American Civil War. When the battle ended, fifty one thousand men were KIA (Killed In Action), wounded, or MIA (Missing in Action). All the characters in this book are based

The Dos and Donts of Narcissism Essay Topics

The Do's and Don'ts of Narcissism Essay Topics When you select the best topic you shall ensure it is attractive to the reader. Set your objective first, then produce a means to write it in an intriguing manner for your readers to relish. What you aspire to teach your reader will choose the kind of your essay. Next, you must think about the method on how you wish to relay it to your readers. Narcissism Essay Topics - the Story This sort of essay is somewhat hard to write, in comparison to other essays, since the art of argumentation isn't learned by every particular person who try to acquire it. Write about how tattoos are made. Any misunderstandings may impact the last grade. For a student in the center school the typical topics are associated with science and history. Moreover, it would likewise be better to select one where you have some experience in. You should choose a topic that may be done within a two-year time period framework. So, the very first mission ought to be to receive all the material together. Then, as a way to compose a great paper one will have to read an absolutely free example essay on Freud's narcissism in the web. You first have to figure out the reason behind your essay, before you're able to write persuasive content about it. The essay demands proficient handling and expert strategy. The genuine leadership essay is simple to read and understand. Essay writing is definitely thought to be part of academic life and essay writing demands certain abilities or the region of the writer. Write a succinct biography of your favourite author and discuss why the author you prefer. Literature is also regarded as an intriguing portion of the topic. however, it isn't o popular because most students aren't able to fathom the criticality of the exact same. Although the writer is simply describing the subject, there ought to still be logic to follow. Heres one of several public speaking tips you'll get from me Don't be reluctant to request the huge money. In an issue of speaking, picking out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you wish to convey to the rest of the planet. Should you need help to comprehend the many kinds of public speaking, and indeed the social significance of public speaking and why it's so very significant in some careers to learn the essentials of public speaking, then you will definitely fi nd much in the 7 Words System that can help you. Why it is necessary to learn public speaking. Usually, the narcissist seeks therapy because he or she is not able to keep up the grandiosity which protects them from the feelings of despair. Patients experiencing narcissistic personality disorder are at greater risk for suicide. It's known this maladaptive instead of healthy narcissism is connected with increased body checking behaviors in both eating disordered and nonclinical ladies. Among the more prevalent personality disorders is narcissism. Child abuse might also be a cause sometimes. Speech disorders refer to many conditions in which somebody has difficulty communicating by mouth. They are fairly easy to recognize by a layperson. Actions get consequences and there's a point in facing them. There are a few thumb rules for argumentative essay subjects to prevent clashes, yet earning a point at exactly the same moment. In the majority of instances, you will need to think of a topic which will enable other people to understand your standpoint, and telling them to think that what you write is true. You should have accessibility to proper resources that will assist you to compose the essay with appropriate sense and structure. Narcissism has ever been loathed. Over the years, it has been conceptualized in many different ways, depending partially on the instruments that have been used to measure it. Accordingly, it is thought to reflect a form of chronic interpersonal self-esteem regulation. Television's narcissis m is now shifting ground.

Performing Tourism in Venice Case Study Example

Essays on Performing Tourism in Venice Case Study The paper "Performing Tourism in Venice" is an excellent example of a case study on tourism. Venice has such a great history with numerous tourist attractions. Sightseeing in Venice is not comparable to any other city globally and it offers a unique experience to its visitors with its major attractions being just a stroll away. The city is built in swamplands and is surrounded by the sea and intricately laced with canals populated with beautiful Venetian Gondolas and is a great seduction to all its visitors (James, 2010). Therefore, you can be sure that your stay in Venice will give you value for your money and that you will always want to come back for even greater experiences. This report offers you a plan for your one week visit you intend to undertake in Venice. The report contains two one week visit plans. Plan one gives a one-week detailed itinerary for our Young Optimism VALS segment which is intended for people aged between 20 and 30 years while plan two gives a detailed one- week itinerary for our Visible Achievement VALS segment intended for people between 50 and 60 years of age. However, both the planes have been tailored to meet your specific needs such as the need for both couples to meet occasionally for meals. In addition, we have planned for two joint excursions during the one week tour of Venice. Note that we have also considered your budgetary allocations and the need to get value for your money in coming up with the plans.Who we are and the basis of planningThe company involved in planning your one week tour of Venice is Ultimate tours and travel agency limited. The company is incorporated in Australia but has operations in fifty other nations of the world including Italy hence our involvement in planning your tour. Our experience in the Venetian tourism market dates back to 1985 when we first opened our office in Venice. We have been involved in the planning of numerous visits by tourists of different backgrounds in Venice many of whom have b een pleased by the way we handled their tour and their stay in Venice. Our website contains many testimonies by our past customers regarding our high-class professionalism in handling visits. As such, you should be confident that your tour will be properly handled and that you will get value for your money.Plan AÂ  This plan is intended to provide the young couple with a romantic experience in Venice while considering your budgetary constraint. As such, it will enable you to spend most of the time together while at the same time giving you the opportunity to see the numerous Venice tourist attractions sites and enjoy its tastes. The plan provides a detailed itinerary for each of the seven days and is expected to cost you approximately $ 5000 for the week which is in line with your budget. However, it is worth noting that the cost does not cover any meals or any purchases that you might do as a couple.

Swot Analysis of Cango Free Essays

SWOT is an acronym that stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis will help CanGo understand the opportunities that are available and what threats may affect its operations. Before moving forward CanGo needs to assess the position they currently have in the market place. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Cango or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of a SWOT analysis technique will be beneficial at this point and will serve as the baseline to elaborate on a strategic plan for the organization. Be Bold has been observing CanGo’s operations for a couple of months, and have developed the following preliminary SWOT Analysis from these observations: Strength Purchase an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) to help improve the warehouse. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great solution for CanGo’s inventory handling. CanGo has experienced exponential growth in their first two years of operation. CanGo has been recognized as one of the fastest growing small business in the Hudson Valley. Constant interest in research and improving company. As we can see that CanGo is always looking for something new, they are always trying to beat their competitors, they are constantly trying to improve company, and find another way to be successful and gain profit. Weaknesses CanGo, Inc. has no vision or mission statement. Growth opportunities are imminent and the possibility to go public requires a clear vision and mission statement in order to understand their direction on the market CanGo is lacking in management by objectives (MBO). The aim of MBO is to increase organizational performance by aligning goal and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. CanGo is missing a strategic management plan. A strategic approach will help CanGo build teamwork by developing commitment and trust; will strengthen the leadership team by aligning their goals with those of the CEO; and will move the organization from the current status quo to an organized environment with clear goal setting for the short and long term. to develop and maintain a viable fit between their objectives, resources, and opportunities Need for systems analysis and programmer. The marketing department must focus and apply their expertise and support in the areas of market intelligence and strategic business planning. Opportunities Developing an in-house database that is incorporates into an automated storage and retrieval system ASRS. An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS) is a great resolution for CanGo’s inventory usage. Opportunities also exist in the Asia Pacific region for online sales. Company has to keep an eye on the future opportunities and possible consumers. The region could be their next step ahead to become a continental corporation. Updating the website to incorporate some of the marketing ideas found to be relevant in the recent research analysis project. Threats CanGo needs to expand its operating capacity to continue its’ growth. If they stay the same there won’t be growth, so in order to become more profitable, beneficial, and successful company they need to increase their productivity. Management must develop a strategic management plan. The purpose of the strategic marketing plan is to fit between the organization’s objectives and resources and its changing market opportunities so it is beneficial for the company. CanGo could potentially have employee retention problems. It is the responsibility of the CEO to ensure equal opportunity for all employees, adequate compensation packages, fair performance evaluation processes and career development programs for employees. Lack of capital for necessary growth needs. Lack of money and cost of ASRS system. Company needs to have funds to change or improve warehouse. When expanding into a new market CanGo needs to understand and take into account trends that are in the industry and account for them when doing any sort of planning. How to cite Swot Analysis of Cango, Essay examples

Wireless Networking Concept Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Wireless Networking Concept. Answer: Data Encryption Standards for WiMAX 3DES and AES are the most popular encryption standards that are being used to encrypt data that are being transferred in the WiMAX network. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) can be stated as a union of the organizations that are contributing in the development and manufacture of wireless gadgets in manner to improve and enhance the standards for Broadband like networks (Hassan Bach, 2014). The 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard) has been using three different and various keys that are of the length 56-bit each however, these could slow down the actual performance in some of the software. Therefore 3DES becomes obsolete because of the contribution in making the performance slow and limited length of the keys. This lead to the necessity of another encryption standard and now AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) has become the main tool for the encryption of data while travelling or being transferred through WiMAX network. AES is capable of providing 256-bit, 192 -bit, and 128-bit encryption keys for the encryption of the data (Ravishankar, et al., 2017). It was evolved through inheriting CCMP standard and became one of the most popular standards. In comparison with the triple data encryption standards AES is much faster and much easier to be implemented and used and it also required very less memory in comparison. There are the possibilities that it might not be able to used by all end-user terminals but it does requires dedicated processors on board the BS (Eren, 2014). This result it as the most vital encrypting tool that can be used in the WiMAX Network. The third chosen encryption standard is (Rivest Shamir Adleman)RSA that can be described as a public-key asymmetric algorithm for the encryption that can also be used to encrypt through using the SS public key in manner to protect the Authorisation Reply message. The Authorisation Reply message includes an algorithm key named AK (Authorisation Key) that is also can also be used to encryp t the traffic messages or can be used as traffic encryption keys during the transfer of the messages to the SS from the BS (Ahmad Ismail, 2016). Among the DES, 3DES, AES and RSA the more effective and easy encryption standard is the AES that can be implemented during transferring the data or information or file via WiMAX network. In comparison with the Security Associations (SAs), it can also be stated that this is the most secured encrypting algorithm that could be used to encrypt the data and keep them safe. Based on the complexity AES is the simplest encrypting algorithm (Nomula, Rafai verma, 2016). Security challenges faced by examples of WPAN Technology There are various examples of the WPAN technology that could be implemented while being connected with a network or using a network the most common networks are Bluetooth and ZigBee network that has been chosen for the answer of this question. Wireless technology faces many of the issues related to the security and similarly these technologies also faces certain security issues that can be listed as: Security issues related to the application of the Bluetooth network can be listed as: Denial of service DoS is one of the simple data breaching coding that could resist the user or even disallows the user to connect to the network through sending various requests at the same moment through different or single supplication. This attack could lead to the crashing of the device, communication blocked, battery consumption and many more uncertainties that result in serious damage to the user (Padgette, 2017). Bluesnarfing: This is also one of the simple coding in the dictionary of the hackers that let the intruder access to the information and data that is saved into the device through pairing with the device. There are certain applications available on the internet that can let it happen and even an individual can make calls and message using Bluetooth network from other devices (Al-Janabi et al., 2017). Eavesdropping This manner of attack allows the intruder to sniff the surrounding through which the signal is passing through the Bluetooth network and could be able to explore the signal that is being travelling through the network. This could lead to both the privacy and security issues for the user using Bluetooth network. Blue bugging This is an attack that allows the user to remotely access other devices and could easily manipulate the activities of the device through further coding. This could even send messages either text or voice and select any option makes the device vulnerable to be used by its owner. Following is a list describing the security issues related to the ZigBee network: Sniffing: It is a technique that allows intruders to sniff the improper coding to the network in manner to encrypt the system with improper coding and affect the information being saved on the network (Misra et al., 2016). Replay attack: this is another way of attacking the information I which the intruder records the message travelling during the traffic and after an instance replays the recorded information along with the malicious code. Physical Attacks: One of the most common attacks for any network and in this network hampering is made after locating the devices. General way for leading this attack is Hard coded encryption keys which are loaded in the RAM are often employed by radios operating in the ZigBee network once the device is powered. Energy Harvesting The first paper by Fisal and Sherali (2016) introduced that WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) technology has been recently started to receive the recognition as a key enabling technique for the computing areas that are emerging pervasive in this sector. The wireless sensor networks have been continuously attracting the attention of various stakeholders including the design and the way of implementation. The author developed a comprehensive classification scheme for techniques of energy harvesting that leveraged the external sources and ambient environment for generating through wireless sensor networks. The author has thoroughly reviewed the mechanism of energy harvesting and produced the technique that could be favorable in harvesting the energies. They stated that it is worth nothing that very source of energy has different capabilities of harvesting, and that results in the harvester hardware design that is also different for each category that could be helpful in determining the ef ficiency of the harvester. On the basis of findings and survey made by them they have concluded that It is worth noting that each energy source has different harvesting capabilities and, as a result, the harvester hardware design is also different for each category which ultimately determines the efficiency of the harvester (Faisal and sherali, 2016). Another article proposed by Ulukus et al. (2015) states about the techniques and mechanism of energy harvesting wireless communications. The authors have emphasized on the emergence of the model of energy cooperation and transfer, which could have made possibility through harnessing the energy, from the transfer of the messages or information through the wireless network. Various topics had been covered by the authors concerning the physical layer of the performance and the informational-theoretical medium access control protocol. They have concluded that the threats faced by energy harvesting from physical and practical concerns has m ade this technique face new challenges and the discussion of the energy and information transfer provides exciting possibilities that can be adapted in the future to adapt the network operations with improved performance. References: Ahmad, R., Ismail, W. (2016). Performance Comparison of Advanced Encryption Standard-128 Algorithms for WIMAX Application with Improved Power-Throughput.Journal of Engineering Science and Technology,11(12), 1-17. Al-Janabi, S., Al-Shourbaji, I., Shojafar, M., Shamshirband, S. (2017). Survey of main challenges (security and privacy) in wireless body area networks for healthcare applications.Egyptian Informatics Journal,18(2), 113-122. Eren, E. (2014). SECURITY ASSESSMENT OF IEEE 802.16 (WIMAX)A SHORT COMPARISON BETWEEN IEEE 802.16 d AND 802.16 e.International Journal of Computing,7(2), 91-99. Hassan, A., Bach, C. (2014, April). WiMAX Basics From Deployments to PHY Improvements. ASEE. Misra, S., Goswami, S., Taneja, C., Mukherjee, A. (2016). Design and implementation analysis of a public key infrastructure?enabled security framework for ZigBee sensor networks.International Journal of Communication Systems,29(13), 1992-2014. Nomula, R., Rifai, M. E., Verma, P. (2016). Multi-photon tolerant protocols for quantum secure communication in wireless standards.International Journal of Security and Networks,11(1-2), 25-36. Padgette, J. (2017). Guide to bluetooth security.NIST Special Publication,800, 121. Ravishankar, C., Zakaria, G., Benammar, N., Corrigan, J. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,722,789. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Shaikh, Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. Ulukus, Sennur, et al. "Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381.

Mental Health in Adolescents Essay Example

Mental Health in Adolescents Essay Mental Health Service Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidality Amy H Cheung, M D Carolyn S Dewa, Objectives: Despite being recognized as a serious public health concern, suicidality among adolescents and young adults is frequently missed, and completed suicide remains the second leading cause of death for young Canadians. With such close links between depression, suicidality, and completed suicide, any intervention must address all 3 of these issues. However, to develop effective interventions, we must understand the types and rates of mental health service use among adolescents and young adults. This study examines service use rates in young Canadians with depression and suicidality and the influence of sex on the types of service provider chosen. Methods: We used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Weil-Being. Our sample included 619 individuals, aged 15 to 24 years, who screened positive for depression and suicidality in the past 12 months. We examined mental health service use rates in general and by provider type. Results: Among adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with depression, 40% had not used any mental health services. This rate was higher for adolescents with suicidality at 50%. In young adults aged 19 to 24 with depression, 42% had not used any mental health services. Among young adults with suicidality, 48% had not accessed services. Female adolescents and young adults were more likely to receive services from nonspecialty mental health providers. Conclusions: In Canada, many adolescents and young adults with depression and suicidality do not receive mental health services. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health in Adolescents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health in Adolescents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health in Adolescents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further, there may be a preferential treatment of young men by mental health specialists. Further research is needed to understand the quality of care received by these young Canadians and the factors influencing service use. (Can J Psychiatry 2007;52:228-232) Information on funding and support and author affiliations appears at the end of the article. Clinical Implications †¢ About 50% of adolescents and young adults with depression and suicidality do not use mental health services. †¢ Strategies to increase service use in youth with depression are needed. Strategies to decrease differences between the sexes in service use are needed. Limitations †¢ The quality of care could not be examined from the CCHS 1. 2 data. †¢ The survey results were based on patient recall. †¢ Although this was a national population-based study, the sample size was small. 228 †¢ La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, vol 52, no 4, avril 2007 Mental Health Service Use Among Adolesc ents and Young Adults With Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidality Key Words: adolescents, depression, suicidality, service use, young adults D pression and suicidality (ideation and attempts) among adolescents and young adults are frequently unrecognized and untreated by any health professionals. Not only are depression and suicidality often linked, but both pose a significant burden on patients and their families. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth aged 15 to 18 years, second only to motor vehicle accidents. ^ Further, almost 50% of teens who complete suicide have a diagnosable mood disorder, such as depression, and have expressed suicidality prior to completing suicide. ^^ There are also consistent differences between male and female adolescents, with male adolescents more likely to complete suicide and female adolescents more likely to have depression and suicidality. ^ Policy-makers, families, and providers have struggled to understand how to address this significant public health issue. A first step in addressing the issue is to understand the mental health service use pattems among adolescents and young adults with depression and suicidality. Given the differences in prevalence rates between young men and women, it is also critical to understand the influence of sex on service use in this age group. have a form of depression. ^ Further, according to a biannual survey of youth in the United States, more than 16% of US teenagers have had thoughts about suicide, and 10% had actually attempted suicide in the previous 12 months. We found similar rates in Canada, with almost 20% of teens aged 15 to 18 years reporting suicidality in their lifetime. However, it is not known how many of these youth received mental health interventions. Given that depression and suicidality are so closely linked, it would be a reasonable first step to examine the rates of mental health service use among Canadian adolescents and young adults and, flirther, to look at which type of service provider they are seeing to address these problems. Therefore, this study examines the rates of service use in adolescents aged 15 to 18 and young adults aged 19 to 24 with depression and suicidality. We will also comment on how these service use rates could be used to develop policies targeted at this population. Methods Subjects The survey sample was drawn from the CCHS 1. 2. We examined a subsample of CCHS 1. 2 respondents aged 15 to 24 years. The total sample size for the CCHS 1. 2 is 36 984, with a sample size of 5646 for individuals between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Our subsample included 619 individuals who screened positive for a diagnosis of depression and (or) suicidality in the past 12 months. We examined the rates of mental health service use in general and according to provider type. Major Depressive Disorder. The diagnosis of MDD was evaluated in the CCHS 1. 2 through the use of structured interviews. The interview modules were drawn from the CIDI. ^ A diagnosis of MDD was derived from the CIDI. We used the 12-month estimates for MDD. Suicidality. Suicidal attempts and ideation were measured by using the questions on suicide in the depression section ofthe CCHS 1. 2 survey. Subjects were interviewed for suicidality regardless of their screen for depression. Although there are significant risk differences between those with suicidal ideation and those with attempts, we combined these 2 groups in our analyses because of Statistics Canada reporting rules regarding rare events. Service Use. Service use for MDD and suicidality was measured with mental health service use questions. All service use was measured according to provider and place of contact in the following groups: GPs (nonpsychiatrist medical doctors), psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers or counsellors, and other professionals, including nurses, religious counsellors (such as ministers or rabbis), and naturopaths or other alternative health care practitioners. Service use for each of the groups was defined according to use and nonuse. Statistical Analyses The CCHS 1. 2 uses a stratified design with differences in sampling fractions across the strata, with some geographical 229 Several studies have examined the rates of mental health service use by adolescents and young adults. However, most of these have been US-based studies. * These studies show that service use is less than 50% among adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years* and that up to 80% of children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years do not receive needed mental health services. Among adolescents with depression, 50% are not diagnosed prior to adulthood. * In Canada, the rates of depression and service use in Canadians aged 15 to 24 were examined in the Ontario Mental Health Supplement in the early 1990s, which found the rate of service use in this age group to be less than 50%. However, aside from the supplement, no other Canadian study has examined the rates of service use by young Canadians aged 15 to 24 with depression. Therefore, even with the increasing recognition by policymakers and service providers that depression poses a significant burden on our youth and their families, there is very little research furthering our understanding of this issue or helping to develop effective strategies to address it. Similarly, we know very little about young individuals with suicidality and their pattern of service use. US surveys have shown that more than 50% of youth who complete suicide Abbreviations used in this article CCHS 1. Cl CIDI GP MDD Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Heaith and Weli-Being confidence interval Composite International Diagnostic Interview general practicitioner major depressive disorder The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Voi 52, No 4, Aprii 2007 Original Research Table 1 Twelve-month service use rates by provider type among youth with major depression and sutcidality Any service % (95%CI) Psychiatrist % (95%CI) GP % (95%CI) Psychologist % (95%CI) Social worker or counsellor % (95%CI) Other provider % (95%CI) Respondents Adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. suffered from major depression Male Female 56. 3 (34. 4 to 78. 1) 55. 9 (40. 7 to 71. 1) 45. 5 (21. 2 to 69. 9) 21. 4 (11. 2 to 31. 6) 24. 6 (7. 2 to 42. 0) 30. 7 (17. 9 to 43. 6) 25. 2 (0. 5 to 49. 8) 16. 7 (7. 9 to 25. 5) 10. 8 (0. 9 to 20. 7) 39. 9 (24. 7 to 55. 0) 23. 9 (-0. 6 to 48. 3) 16. 4(8. 1 to 24. 8) Adults aged 19 to 24 years, suffered from major depression Men Women 52. 5 (37. 3 to 67. 8) 55. 6 (44. 3 to 66. 9) 28. 9 (15. 3 to 42. 5) 26. 1 (18. 0 to 34. 2) 37. (22. 2 to 51. 9) 45. 9 (35. 3 to 56. 5) 33. 9 (19. 2 to 48. 6) 21. 9 (13. 4 to 30. 5) 17. 6 (7. 8 to 27. 5) 29. 1 (20. 3 to 38. 0) 9. 5 (1. 9 to 17. 1) 21. 1 (12. 7 to 29. 5) Adolescents aged 15 to 18 years. suffered from suicidality Male Female 36. 5 (18. 4 to 54. 5) 49. 0 (38. 5 to 59. 5) 23. 3 (6. 3 to 40. 3) 19. 3 (10. 9 to 27. 7) 14. 7 (4. 4 to 25. 1) 27. 2 (17. 7 to 36. 7) 21. 7 (4. 5 to 38. 8) 21. 0 (12. 3 to 29. 8) 13. 2 (4. 2 to 22. 2) 31. 9(22. 1 to 41. 7) 16. 2 (-1. 1 to 33. 4) 15. 9 (8. 5 to 23. 3) Adults aged 19 to 24 years, suffered from suicidaiity Men Women 39. 5(27. 1 to 51. 9) 50. 8 (37. 0 to 64. 6) 22. 6 (12. 3 to 33. 0) 17. 5 (9. 6 to 25. 4) 27. 9 (16. 6 to 39. 1) 41. 3 (28. 3 to 54. 3) 24. 1 (10. 9 to 37. 3) 24. 6 (14. 0 to 35. 2) 12. 8 (4. 9 to 20. 7) 20. 8 (11. 6 to 30. 0) 9. 3 (2. 2 to 16. 4) 16. 2 (7. 0 to 25. 3) areas under- or overrepresented in the sample relative to their representation in the population. Therefore, we used the weights recommended by Statistics Canada when conducting analyses. Rates of service use for mental health reasons were calculated for subjects with MDD and (or) suicidality in the past 12 months. Service use rates were examined according to provider type and the sex ofthe subjects. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine for differences between young men and women with depression and (or) suicidality. Results Among adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with depression, 40% (95%CI, 28% to 53%) had not used any mental health services. The rate was higher for those with suicidality, at 50% (95%CI, 41% to 59%). Most adolescents and young adults with depression were either not accessing services at all or accessing services for their mental health problems through one provider. Among those aged 15 to 18 years, 22% (95%CI, 11% to 33%) accessed services through one provider, compared with 20% (95%CI, 14% to 27%) of those aged 19 to 24 years. Among young adults aged 19 to 24 years with depression, 42% (95%CI, 33% to 51%) had not used any health services for mental health reasons. For those with suicidality, 48% (95% CI, 39% to 5 8%) had not accessed services in the past 12 months. As with those with depression, most of our sample with suicidality either did not access services at all or accessed services through one provider. Among those aged 15 to 18 years with suicidality, 21% (95%CI, 14% to 28%) accessed services through one provider, compared with 22. 12% (95%CI, 14% to 30%) of those aged 19 to 24 years. 230 Differences between young men and women were not found in the overall use of mental health services. Service use by type of provider and sex are shown in Table 1. However, female adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with depression were more likely to use services from social workers and (or) counsellors, compared with male adolescents (female adolescents; 40% [95%CI, 25% to 55%]; male adolescents, 11% [95%CI, 1% to 21%]). Similarly, in young adults aged 19 to 24, a higher percentage of yotmg women saw social workers and (or) counsellors (women, 29% [95%CI, 20% to 38%]; men, 18% [95%CI, 8% to 28%]). For those with suicidality, female subjects in both age groups were more likely to use mental health services from GPs. Among those aged 15 to 18, 15% (95%CI, 4% to 25%) of male adolescents saw GPs, compared with 27% (95%CI, 18% to 37%) of female adolescents. Among those aged 19 to 24, 27. 9% (95%CI, 17% to 39%) of young men saw GPs, compared with 41% (95%CI, 28% to 54%) of young women. Overall, female adolescents and young adults with depression and (or) suicidality were more likely than male adolescents and young adults to use services from GPs (female subjects aged 15 to 18 years: x^ = 4. 53, dfl,P 0. 03; aged 19 to 24: X = 14. 88, df 1, P 0. 001) and from social workers and (or) ^ counsellors (aged 15to 18:^^=15. 54,dfl,P

Sample Essay Questionnaire - How to Use One

Sample Essay Questionnaire - How to Use OneOne of the first things you should do when thinking about writing a sample essay for college is to get yourself a sample essay questionnaire. While there are plenty of students who don't like getting sample essays in the mail, it's also true that they can be extremely helpful in getting you started in the right direction when it comes to writing a comprehensive essay. A good example questionnaire can tell you how to make your own essay stand out from the other examples and lay out a framework for your essay to follow.You can find samples of these sample essays online, but the problem is that they often vary in terms of style and format. Instead of getting bogged down by too many different samples, try to find a questionnaire with just a few different sample paragraphs. This will help you focus on the things you need to concentrate on in order to come up with your own. You can read through a few of these samples before getting started so that you can get a feel for how a sample is constructed.Once you've found a sample essay questionnaire, it's time to find out what format it uses. A lot of samples will use a combination of formats. This means that you'll be able to write an essay in a variety of ways. If you're writing a short essay on a daily basis, you might want to go with something simpler than a longer questionnaire. However, if you have the luxury of a lot of time to devote to this type of writing, you'll probably want to find a format that best suits your style.It might take a little bit of trial and error to find the format that works best for you, but it's definitely worth it to give it a shot. It will definitely give you a better understanding of how to write an essay, and it will give you a place to start. You'll get a feel for how a sample is written, and you might even find it helps you to start off in the right direction as far as how you approach your own essay.Another thing to look for in a sample essay questionnaire is how the writer uses paragraph breaks. Often, the sample writers in these types of examples use them, but not all of them do. Sometimes, it's just a matter of personal preference. But other times, the writers in the sample will use them because it makes the copy more clear and concise.Look for examples of the type of formatting that you'd like to put into your own essay, but remember that a sample essay questionnaire isn't there to tell you what to do. It's meant to let you see the way it's done and see how it can benefit you as a writer. It will serve as a great resource, but it won't be the end-all of your writing education. You'll still need to go to class and practice what you learn.What's really important is that you begin on the right path. You'll need to pick up some tips and tricks along the way, but ultimately it's all about practice. The more you put your mind to work on writing a good essay, the better you'll become at it. The more practice you get, the b etter you'll become at writing a good essay.Writing a well-written essay can be difficult, but if you keep at it and build on your experience, you'll be able to complete this task without much trouble. And with the proper guidance and practice, you'll be on your way to completing an impressive piece of work. A sample essay questionnaire can be a great tool in your arsenal.

Mt. Everest Essays

Mt. Everest Essays Mt. Everest Essay Mt. Everest Essay Conquering the summit Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the highest mountain in the world and to give examples of people who climbed it. Central idea: I will talk about the height of the Everest, the trail that leads to the summit, the location, and surroundings. Introduction I. Try to close your eyes and imagine the following scenes. A. You are seating down on the highest summit in the world, and all you see is other white summits. B. You are away from the noise and all you hear is wind. C. No buildings no civilization, just mountains. II. There are some people that died because they wanted to be on the highest spot on earth. III. On the other hand, people who made the most amazing journey of their life. IV. It takes around 3 days to climb the Everest from the base camp which is 21,300Â  ft. V. Intrigued by the subject I went to Nepal to the Himalaya range to see the Everest. Body I. the Everest has many stories behind it. A. The first people to conquer the summit 1. In 1953 the first two people reached the summit, the New Zealander Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal. B. Mount Everest is considered to be a death zone. 1. It is very hard for climbers to survive in a death zone. The temperature Can get to very low levels and the body parts will frostbite easily. 2. People who die during the climb are typically left behind. About 150 bodies have never been recovered. C. Now days, it is very popular to hike until EBC- Everest base camp. 1. My best friend reached the EBC. . I hiked to Annapurna Base Camp which is not far from the Everest region. Conclusion I. the Everest is the greatest adventure a human been can experience. A. Thousands of people have experienced the highest summit on earth. B. There are some dark sides for the great mountain, it is deadly. Bibliography 1. Success And Death On Mount Everest, Raymond B. HUEY And Richard Salisbury, The American Alpine Journal, 2003 americanalpineclub. org/pdfs/aaj/HueyEverestAAJ_03. pdf 2. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mount_Everest

Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense

Conjugation of Spanish Verbs in the Present Tense The most common set of verbs in Spanish and perhaps the most important set of verbs that need to be learned first is the present  indicative  tense. Although there are conjugations that are easier to learn, the present indicative tense is used the most. Native English speakers conjugate regular verbs all the time without thinking about it: For the past tense add a d or ed to the end of a verb, and for the present tense, add an s or es to indicate that one person or thing is performing an action. Basic Spanish Conjugation Concepts The conjugation of Spanish verbs is a little trickier than in English. A speaker needs to consider several different tenses, moods, gender, and agreement in person according to what needs to be conveyed in the sentence. Spanish verb endings can indicate when the action occurs, and also give the listener a better idea of who or what is performing the action. The present tense means that the action is occurring now. The indicative mood means that the sentence is a statement of fact. To  conjugate  a verb in the present indicative, remove the  infinitive  ending of the regular verb, in this case  -ar,  -er  or  -ir,  and replace it with an ending that gives an indication as to the person that is performing the action of the verb. For example, hablar is the infinitive of a common regular verb ending in -ar.  To form the present indicative, remove the  -ar, which leaves the stem of the verb  habl-. If the person speaking in the sentence is in the singular  first person, that would mean the sentence would be conjugated to be I speak. In Spanish, when conjugating or changing the stem into a  first-person verb, take the stem and add -o, forming the word  hablo. I speak is Yo hablo. To say you speak, which is the singular, informal, second person, add -as to the stem, forming the word  hablas. You speak is Tu hablas. Other forms exist for subjects such as he, she, or it, we, and they. The endings are slightly different for verbs that end in -er and -ir, but the principle is the same. Remove the infinitive ending, then add the appropriate ending to the remaining stem. Conjugation of Regular -Ar Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ar Ending Example: Hablar Translation: To Speak yo -o hablo I speak t -as hablas you (informal) speak l, ella, usted -a habla he/she speak, you (formal) speak nosotros, nosotras -amos hablamos we speak vosotros, vosotras -is hablis you speak (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -an hablan they speak, you (formal) speak Conjugation of Regular -Er Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Er Ending Example: Aprender Translation: To Learn yo -o aprendo I learn t -es aprendes you (informal) learn l, ella, usted -e aprende he/she learns, you (formal) learn nosotros, nosotras -emos aprendemos we learn vosotros, vosotras -is aprendis you learn (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en aprenden they learn, you (formal) learn Conjugation of Regular -Ir Verbs in the Present Indicative Tense Person -Ir Ending Example: Vivir Translation: To Live yo -o vivo I live t -es vives you (informal) live l, ella, usted -e vive he/she lives, you (formal) live nosotros, nosotras -imos vivimos we live vosotros, vosotras -s vivs you live (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -en viven they live, you (formal) live Irregular Verb Conjugation Although most verbs conjugate regularly, the most common verbs in Spanish usually do not. In some cases, not only the endings change, but also the main part of the verb, known as the stem. This is similar to English, where the most common verbs such as to be and to go are also highly  irregular verbs. Present Indicative Conjugations of Common Irregular Verbs Infinitive Translation Conjugations dar to give yo doy, t das, usted/l/ella da, nosotros/nosotras damos, vosotros/vosotras dais, ustedes/ellos/ellas dan estar to be yo estoy, t ests, usted/l/ella est, nosotros/nosotras estamos, vosotros/vosotras estis, ustedes/ellos/ellas estn hacer to make yo hago, t haces, usted/l/ella hace, nosotros/nosotras hacemos, vosotros/vosotras hacis, ustedes/ellos/ellas hacen ir to go yo voy, t vas, usted/l/ella va, nosotros/nosotras vamos, vosotros/vosotras vais, ustedes/ellos/ellas van poder to be able to yo puedo, t puedes, usted/l/ella puedes, nosotros/nosotras podemos, vosotros/vosotras podis, ustedes/ellos/ellas pueden ser to be yo soy, t eres, usted/l/ella es, nosotros/nosotras somos, vosotros/vosotras sois, ustedes/ellos/ellas son tener to have yo tengo, t tienes, usted/l/ella tiene, nosotros/nosotras tenemos, vosotros/vosotras tenis, ustedes/ellos/ellas tienen Key Takeaways In both English and Spanish, conjugating involves the changing of verb forms to give information about who or what is performing the verbs action and when that action occurs.Spanish conjugation is far more extensive than Englishs, thus providing more information about the verbs action.Conjugating regular Spanish verbs in the indicative present tense involves removing the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and changing it to something else.

Managing Human Resources (Procedural Justice and Ethics in Employee Essay

Managing Human Resources (Procedural Justice and Ethics in Employee Relations,) - Essay Example Employers often claim they are protecting the business from â€Å"theft, loss of productivity, lawsuits, avoiding violence and terror attacks† (Lane, 2003 p. 12). However legitimate these reasons are, employees’ privacy also need to be respected. The law does not protect employees’ especially private sector employees from infringement of their privacy thus they depend on their good faith and procedural justice and ethics. The main purpose of this paper is to devise guidelines to follow in determining reasonable compromise between company’s need to run its business and employee rights to privacy. The paper will achieve this by first discussing the various ways businesses impinge on employee privacy. Secondly, the reasons behind employee surveillance will be discussed and the options employees have to protect their freedoms. Lastly, a set of guidelines will be drawn that can assist an organization fulfill its needs without necessarily undermining workersâ₠¬â„¢ feelings of dignity and worth. This is based on the belief that if workers are informed of what is going on they can easily adapt and accept a little infringement of privacy for the common good of all. Businesses especially with the advancement in technology have numerous ways of invading employees’ privacy. ... In one survey held in 1979, 75% of respondents believed in individual basic rights to privacy (Bies, 1993). Some ethical dilemmas on workplace privacy are specific to industries while others are common to all companies such as web surfing. Some of the methods used by employers that invade privacy include: computer-aided surveillance, drug and alcohol testing, AIDS testing, generic screening, health screening, background checks, credit reports, personality tests, use of video cameras, and Global Positioning System (GPS) (Brown, 1996 p. 1237). These generate private information about employees which employers can use for business purpose. Management is updated about employees’ activities every minute. Lanes (2003) argues that a certain amount of information and supervision is a necessary component of successful business. However, he also acknowledges that only relevant information should be sought and kept especially in an era when federal government has capability and will to u se that information for public policy purposes. Why do employers keep surveillance of employees? Some argue they are protecting the company from theft and sabotage. In this era of computer technology, employees have found ways of defrauding the company or divulging company secrets to outside world (Bies, 1993). As such, companies need to check what employees are surfing on the net, their emails, and what they do with company resources such as vehicles. Theft of intellectual property can e avoided by keeping close surveillance of employees use of personal computers. Another justification for surveillance is employee productivity. Many employees spend much of their time web surfing, talking on the phone, sending emails and playing

Maternal Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Maternal Obesity - Essay Example The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reports reveals that at the beginning stage of pregnancy, one in five women are obese. Hence reducing obesity during, before, and after the pregnancy should be considered as a matter of public health importance. The obesity in pregnancy has been rapidly increasing and has now become a common risk obstetric condition in many countries. The reason for the health organizations to take extra care in the issue of maternal obesity is that the consequences of it are high and associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and hypertensive disorders and also causes for gestational diabetes mellitus, cesarean delivery, and increased risk for obesity of the child. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) As Rivis and Sheeran (2003) explain, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was derived from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and explains the three predicator of behavior – attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Attitude refers the beliefs of an individual about the outcomes of the behavior mixed with an evaluation of the significance of these outcomes. The Theory of Planned Behavior is somewhat similar to the Health Belief Model. ... The results explain that both models were able to predict an important part in the variance of dieting and fasting follow-up behavior. The direct aspect of the perceived control evaluates the extent of access that the individuals believe to have in formulating the behavior question. On the other hand, the indirect aspect of perceived control is normally obtained by assessing some definite aspects, called control beliefs, which have the capability both to make it easier and to make it difficult to achieve a behavior. The Theory of Planned Behavior analysis reports no direct connection between the intention to eat healthfully and eating behavior. Besides, age, gender, and BMI were the important factors forming the response of the people. The TPB is formulated on the idea that the stronger the intention to carry out a provided behavior, the greater the chance that a person will execute that behavior. The results from the various studies prove that TPB is helpful in predicting the factor s that are directly connected with healthy eating behavior. Many factors lead to healthy eating behaviors, and the TPB can be used as a tool to formulate intervention strategies to promote healthy eating habits among the youth, especially the women who are more faced with the risk of obesity and overweight. Other factors such as attitude, barriers, are subjective norm which have chances to influence the eating behaviors, are also added to the model of TBP. At last, the suggestion is towards the parents to take reasonable care in maintaining a healthy eating habit for their children. Social and Cultural factors affecting the maternal Obesity. The causes behind the obesity are multifaceted and consist of social, cultural, genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Generally, obesity

The marketing communications campaign of marks and spencer

The marketing communications campaign of marks and spencer The marketing communications campaign of Marks and Spencer Introduction The current revolution in information technology and rapid globalisation have made the marketers face many marketing communications options (Newman Patel ,2003).Integrated marketing communications campaign is one of options, Which can be used to create added value for potential consumers and influence directly purchasing patter. The IMC, which is defined, according to Duncan (2002), as ‘A cross -functional process for creating and nourishing profitable relationship with customers and other stakeholders by strategically controlling or influencing all the messages sent to these groups and encouraging data driven, purposeful dialogue with them† The IMC is important issue because the companies can not afford either the financial or reputation damage which is caused by the poor planning or implementing of the IMC (Brassington pettitt,2006).On the other hand, the planning and implementing the IMC campaign is a complicated process and involves a wide range of management tasks (Caemmerer, 2009). As a result, this paper aims to show the steps which should be followed in the planning and implementing the IMC and to apply these steps on Marks and Spencer as a case study from real life. Finally, some recommendations will be given to improve the performance of MS. Literature review Identifying the target audiences The planning the IMC, according to Kotler Keller .should start with clear determining of target audience ,who is a group of people is aimed by marketing communications campaign , because it is vital step. Then, answers should be provided on the following questions: What are the choice criteria, which are used to evaluate the products? What are motivated them to buy the products? What make them response to the competitors, products? (Jobbe, 2007). Ø Situation analysis Competitor analysis : To analysis the competitors, according to Aaker and McLoughlin (2007), a group of questions should be answered: Against whom do we usually compete? What are their objectives and strategies in terms of brand? What is their image and positioning strategy in terms of brand? What have been the marketing communications of the competitors in the past? What impact have they had? What are their future plans? Market analysis: Ø Defining the marketing communication objectives Mean what the marketing communications are supposed to achieve, according to Blythe (2000), there are many objectives: Image building campaigns: Those are intended to communicate a specific status for the product, as well as to emphasis ways that it could complete the lifestyle of the client. Unique selling proposition (USP): that is the one attribute of the product which it differentiates the product from the competition. Positioning: the strategies which focus on the ways that consumers distinguish the products comparing with their perceptions of the competitors products. Direct response: instant response is wanted from the consumer in respect of purchase, a request for broacher, or a going to the store. Ø Managing the elements of the mix Deciding what is the media which will be used to convey the message of the IMC campaign. There are five elements of promotional mix Advertising: any paid form of non-personal communication of ideas or products in the prime media .It takes place in many forms such as, television, press, posters, cinema and radio (Pickton Broderick, 2005). Public relations: are â€Å"the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to creating and maintaining mutual understanding between an organization and its publics † Direct marketing: is the message, which can be prepared to appeal to the addressed customer. It takes place in my forms such as direct mail, telemarketing, internet marketing (Kotler Keller, 2006). Sales promotion: the activities which aim to temporary increase in sales. They take place by many forms such as buy one get one free, free sample and money off coupons. Personal selling: this is designed to meet the consumers needs by communicating face to face between the buyer and seller (McGolrick, 2002). Ø Setting the promotional budget Putting the promotional budgeting is one of the most important and difficult steps in Planning the IMC campaign because, according to West, Ford Ibrahim (2006) ,If the companies have spent too much on the promotion program this could reflect negatively on the profits whereas, if they have paid out too little marketing opportunities would be get lost. There are, according to Jobber and Fahy (2006), four methods, which are usually used to set the promotional budget: percentage of sales, matching competitors expenditures, objective and task and what can be afforded? Ø Evaluating the IMC campaign It is important step, according to Palmer (2004), because it can provide feedback to inform the future activities and make the managers more adjustment when they plan the promotional activities if the objectives are not being achieved. Apply on the MS Marks and Spencer has been the Britain most-respected and leading retailer for long time. Besides, it is one of the most recognizable brands in the UK and operates about 6stores in the UK Identify target audiences: MS has focused on fashionable males and females from different ages who have enough money to spend on the trendy dress and want to enhance their social image between their peer. Ø Analysis the situation Analysis the competitors: The main competitors of MS, GAP, HM, and Top shop, which are distinguished by fashionable clothes and they has focused on the trendy of fashion .As a result, they are called fashion retailers not clothes retailers In terms of Gap, which operates 4,171stores worldwide and the target market is 15-35 age groups. Gap promotes nationally towards young fashion consumers. Promotional campaigns do differ, however. Gap has entered above the line into a programme of intensive primetime television advertising. (Newman Patel, 2003) Concerning HM Analysis the market: Fashion market, which is considered as one of the most profitable, dynamic and competitive area in the UK (Newman Patel, 2003) .The fashion market is considered dynamic because consumer behavior in this market is distinguished by a sudden desire to buy and fluctuating customer tastes. Therefore, new opportunities are available in front of the companies and advertising agencies in this market to create added value for their potential consumers and influence directly their purchasing pattern by integrated marketing communication (Newman Patel, 2003). The fashion market is competitive market because, according to Moore (1995), growing the market shares of foreign fashion retailers in the UK, such as Gap and Benetton and reforming some fashion retailers like, Next. Ø Defining the marketing communication objectives MS has had two objectives in its marketing communications campaign. It has tried to show that its products have been characterized and differentiated from the competitors products by its high quality, stylish, great value (USP) and to enhance the perceptions of consumers in terms of quality and fashion( MSs annual report, 2008). Ø Managing the marketing communications mix At the end every season from each year, MS carries out marketing communications campaign. On 8 November 2007, MS launched marketing communications campaign and used the advertising (TV, cinema and the internet) as essential promotional tool in addition public relation (the website) and sales promotion (bonus). The ad, which is called Christmas Belles, was created by the advertising agency, Rainey Kelly Campbell Roalfe Y R, and was executed by a group of models. The models are Erin OConnor, Elizabeth Jagger, Twiggy, Myleene Klass and Laura Bailey who are well known names representing different age groups and each gorgeous model is wearing different clothes from MS range including lingerie and accessories . In addition to Hollywood actor Antonio Banderas who was chosen to attract the attention of menswear next to womenswear (Visit4inf, 2007). The song of the ad is called it is the most wonderful, which is singed by the artist Andy Williams The message, which has been conveyed by the campaign of MS, is â€Å"Quality worth every penny†. Besides; MS has tried to tell its target audiences that it has built its reputation in respect of quality since 1940 by establishing strict criteria which it continues to follow today. In other words, it has enhanced historical attributes of quality. The ad was screened on the TV, which could provide higher levels of awareness and reach to a large number of target audiences. Besides, it also was launched in the cinema because the commercial shown in the cinema made a stronger impression on the consumer .It was possible because it allowed for a longer advertisement that was also within cinematic technology in an artistically advanced package. At the same time the ad was launched on the internet to support the TV and cinema launch. Moreover, the viewers were sending the advertisement to each other by Email .Consequently, the commercial internet was effective in two ways spreading the message between the consumers and cost. Hence, a lot of viewers had seen the ad on YouTube during a few weeks. The new Website was Launched and it was connected to the campaign message .It was used as a complementary tool of TV and cinema .It was flexible and a reasonably cheap technique of getting an extensive target audiences and the company can get feedback from consumer by it (MSs annual report, Caemmerer; 2008, 2009). The last promotional tool, which was used by MSs campaign, is bonus which is considered as a type of sales promotion and it was used to encourage the target ardencies of MS to spend more. Ø Setting the promotional budget At the end of 2007 the marketing expenditure was  £145m more than half of expenses spent on the advertising (Birtwistle, 2007). Ø Evaluating the IMC campaign There are many evidences of success the marketing communications campaign of MS .First of all, The market share of MS in terms of clothes increased from 9,8% 2007 to 11, 2% in 2008 approximately 1,4%9 =  £4,095m (see figure 2).